Christian, Barbara

(born Dec. 12, 1943, St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands—died June 25, 2000, Berkeley, Calif., U.S.) Caribbean American educator and feminist critic who attempted to define an African American feminist philosophy of criticism.

Educated at Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (B.A., 1963), and Columbia University, New York City (M.A., 1964; Ph.D., 1970), Christian taught at the City College of the City University of New York (1965–72) and at the University of California, Berkeley (from 1971), where she played a key role in the creation of the school's department of African American studies in 1972. She served as its chairwoman (1978–83) and taught in the department until her death.

Christian's published works include the seminal Black Women Novelists: The Development of a Tradition, 1892–1976 (1980); Teaching Guide to Accompany Black Foremothers (1980); Black Feminist Criticism: Perspectives on Black Women Writers (1985), a work emphasizing literary, textual analysis of fiction by black women; From the Inside Out: Afro-American Women's Literary Tradition and the State (1987); and Alice Walker's “The Color Purple” and Other Works: A Critical Commentary (1987). In addition, she contributed to Black Expression (1969; edited by Addison Gayle) and to the journals The Black Scholar and The Journal of Ethnic Studies, and she coedited works such as Female Subjects in Black and White: Race, Psychoanalysis, Feminism (1997).