Cosby, Bill

in full William Henry Cosby, Jr.

(born July 12, 1937, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.) American comedian, actor, and producer, who played a major role in the development of a more positive portrayal of blacks on television.

Cosby left high school without earning his diploma and joined the U.S. Navy in 1956. While enlisted he passed a high school equivalency exam, and after his discharge he received an athletic scholarship to Temple University in Philadelphia in 1961. During his sophomore year he left Temple to entertain at the Gaslight Cafe in Greenwich Village, New York City, where he began to establish a trademark comedic style characterized by a friendly and accessible stage persona and a relaxed, carefully timed delivery. During the 1960s Cosby toured major U.S. and Canadian cities, commanding ever-higher performance fees. In 1965 he made his first appearance on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson.

Cosby's first acting assignment, in the espionage series I Spy (1965–68), made him the first black actor to perform in a starring dramatic role on network television. His portrayal of a black secret agent won him three Emmy Awards and helped to advance the status of African-Americans on television. Cosby's subsequent projects for television included the series of Bill Cosby Specials (1968–71, 1975), the situation comedy The Bill Cosby Show (1969–71), the variety show The New Bill Cosby Show (1972–73), and the successful cartoon Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids (1972–84, 1989). He appeared in numerous commercials and on children's shows such as Sesame Street and Electric Company; he also made several feature films, which enjoyed limited success.

Cosby's most successful work, The Cosby Show, appeared on NBC from 1984 to 1992, becoming one of the most popular situation comedies in television history. The Cosby Show depicted a stable, prosperous black family—Cosby's character was a doctor and his wife a lawyer—and avoided racial stereotypes. The show had broad cross-cultural appeal and won several major awards.

Cosby was awarded a doctorate in education from the University of Massachusetts in 1977 and was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame in 1984. His comedy records earned him eight Grammy awards. In 1986 he wrote the best-selling book, Fatherhood.